Former Israeli ambassador Dore Gold wanted the last word after his matchup with Judge Richard Goldstone at Brandeis University last week. If it wasn't obvious during the testy exchange between the two, it became clear when Gold convened a news conference following the two-hour debate on Thursday night. (Click here to watch the debate).

Richard Goldstone (right) and Dore Gold
Photo: AP, Ariel Jerozolimski

"I'm not here because the government of Israel sent me," he told reporters, as he hammered home his arguments again and again. On a main point - Israel's refusal to cooperate with the probe - Gold said cooperation would not have improved the final report, which charged Israel and Hamas with war crimes during Operation Cast Lead in Gaza last winter. "This was a fixed fact-finding mission," Gold said. "It wasn't looking for the truth. It was looking for a narrative that condemned Israel and let Hamas off the hook."

Then why did Gold agree to the debate?

To be sure, the event was a landmark occasion: a former Israeli diplomat appearing on stage with the South African jurist named by the UN to probe Israel's actions during Operation Cast Lead. In fact, hours before Gold and Goldstone were introduced, the UN General Assembly in New York approved a resolution fully endorsing the report and paving the way for the matter to be taken up in the Security Council and down the road, the international courts.

Invited by Brandeis, Gold came to this sleepy college town armed with aerial maps, video and sound clips and other evidence showing how Israel warned Gaza civilians of its impending actions. "I obviously did a great deal of my own preparations," he said, insisting that all of the materials he used were in the public domain. In other words, he used "material the UN Gaza mission could have obtained itself," he told The Jerusalem Post. "It didn't need Israeli participation," he said.

Given the chance to hear an Israeli response to a topic that has dominated headlines since September, when the Goldstone report was made public, hundreds of students, professors and members of the local Jewish community packed into an auditorium at Brandeis. The event was also streamed live over the Web.

Israeli officials who've gone on record about the report have said its mandate from the UN Human Rights Council was flawed and one-sided. Immediately, Goldstone attempted to dispel that argument, saying he wrote the final mandate himself. "It really was my sincere hope," he said, in an argument reiterated throughout the night, "that Israel would seize this opportunity of an evenhanded mandate and cooperate with the mission."

He further dismissed allegations that his report undercuts Israel's right to defend itself. "I publicly stated on many occasions, Israel has the right to protect its citizens," even "a clear duty to do so," he said. The mandate therefore did not question the use of military force, but whether it was used in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law.

Gold's introductory remarks reflected how high the stakes were for Israel. "The UN Gaza report is the most serious and vicious indictment of the State of Israel bearing the seal of the United Nations since the UN General Assembly adopted the infamous 'Zionism is racism' resolution in 1975," he said. "In the report, Hamas, a recognized international terrorist organization, is almost protected throughout its text. Its forces appear innocuously as 'Palestinian armed groups.'"

In fact, he added, by 2008 nearly a million Israelis were under reach of rocket fire, and after Israel withdrew from Gaza the attacks only escalated.

Using slides, Gold's defense was three-pronged, taking on the report's main allegations that Israel deliberately attacked civilians and attacked public buildings resulting in a huge scale of destruction. He showed aerial maps of Gaza, where schools and military caches could be seen in close proximity.

"I ask you, what would you do if your population is facing repeated rocket attacks for eight years and your enemy is embedding his military capacity in his own civilian area?" he asked. He added that the IDF sent multiple warnings - via leaflets and phone messages - but Hamas instructed citizens to act as human shields. Hamas booby-trapped large numbers of buildings in residential areas, he said, showing another map.

GOLD AND Goldstone went head to head when it came to an attack on a Gaza mosque as 300 Palestinians prayed inside. Mosques were militarized, Gold insisted, as Goldstone countered: "You don't mortar shell it during a service... That hasn't been explained to us at all. It's that sort of incident that cries out for investigation by an open, credible investigation in Israel and why shouldn't they do that?"

"I'm telling you this, Israel did not attack that mosque," Gold countered. "Of the 36 incidents that are mentioned in the report, there are 12 that the Israeli army never heard of." Regarding the alleged attack on the mosque, he said, "The Israeli position has been that that mosque was not attacked by Israel."

And they hit a sharp divide over Israel's ability to investigate itself, which Gold expressed confidence would happen. "The military is investigating itself behind closed doors," Goldstone charged. "That's not a legal system. That's not a judicial system. It's not justice at all."

Goldstone and Gold took questions from the audience, with preference given to students, who were urged by the Brandeis president Jehuda Reinharz to "make up your own mind on important and highly contested issues that too often are argued with more heat than light."

Indeed, one student asked Goldstone about the objectivity of one member of the fact-finding team, Christine Chinkin, who in a joint statement published in London's Sunday Times on January 11 said Israel's acts during the amounted to "prima facie war crimes."

Goldstone answered that had the probe been considered "judicial," Chinkin's statement would have disqualified her.