In 1980 Bashir Gemayel, the leader of Lebanon’s Maronite Christian militia, the Lebanese Forces, provided an explanation for his militancy: “With all…
Bat Ye'or; a pseudonym of Gisèle Littman, née Orebi, an Egyptian-born British scholar, who writes about the history of non-Muslims in the Middle East, and in particular the history of Christian and Jewish dhimmis living under Islamic governments. She is the author of eight books, including ' (2005), ' (2001), ' (1996), and ' (1985). She has provided briefings to the United Nations and the U.S. Congress and has given talks at major universities such as Georgetown, Brown, Yale, Brandeis, and Columbia.






















