The now-infamous 24-day inspection delay is dealt with in Annex I, Paragraph 78. There, the JCPOA specifies that if the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) suspects that nuclear material or equipment is stored illegally, then it can ask Iran for explanations. “If Iran’s explanations do not resolve the IAEA’s concerns, the Agency may request access to such locations for the sole reason to verify the absence of undeclared nuclear materials”. (Paragraph 76, page 43) If these explanations are not satisfactory, then the IAEA can apply to the JCPOA commission to authorize inspections. All in all, this can (read: will) take an additional 24 days (Paragraph 78, page 43). The kicker is not only that Iran will have ample time to hide the offending items. But only “by a vote of 5 or more of its 8 members,[the Joint Commission] would advise on the necessary means to resolve the IAEA's concerns.” However, the Western countries combined have a total of only four votes (Germany, France, UK, USA). It will need to muster an extra vote to pass the inspection resolution. Good luck with that.

Nuts and Bolts of the Iran deal. Is it really bad?