When the sun sneezes it's Earth that gets sick.
It'stime for the sun to move into a busier period for sunspots, and whileforecasters expect a relatively mild outbreak by historical standards,one major solar storm can cause havoc with satellites and electricalsystems here.
Like hurricanes, a weak cycle refers to the number of storms,but it only takes one powerful storm to create chaos, said scientistDoug Biesecker of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration'sspace weather prediction center.
A report by the National Academy of Sciences found that if astorm as severe as one in 1859 occurred today, it could cause $1trillion to $2 trillion in damage the first year and take four to 10years to recover.
The 1859 storm shorted out telegraph wires, causingfires in North America and Europe, sent readings of Earth's magneticfield soaring, and produced northern lights so bright that people readnewspapers by their light.
Today there's a lot more than telegraph lines at stake.Vulnerable electrical grids circle the globe, satellites now vital forall forms of communications can be severely disrupted along with theglobal positioning system. Indeed, the panel warned that a strong blastof solar wind can threaten national security, transportation, financialservices and other essential functions.
The solar prediction center works closely withindustry and government agencies to make sure they are prepared withchanges in activity and prepared to respond when damage occurs,Biesecker said in a briefing. While the most extreme events seem unlikely this time, therewill probably be smaller scale disruptions to electrical service,airline flights, GPS signals and television, radio and cell phones. On the plus side, the solar storms promote the colorfulauroras, known as the northern and southern lights, high in the skyover polar areas. An international panel headed by Biesecker said Friday it expects the upcoming solar cycle to be the weakest since 1928. The prediction calls for the solar cycle to peak in May 2013with 90 sunspots per day, averaged over a month. If the predictionproves correct it will be the weakest cycle since a peak of 78 dailysunspots in 1928. Measurement of sunspot cycles began in the 1750s. The panel described solar storms as eruptions of energy andmatter that escape from the sun. At least some of this heads toward theEarth. Solar cycles of more and fewer sunspots last several years andthe cycle currently building up will be number 24 since counting began. It's only the third time researchers have tried to make such aforecast. In 1989 a panel predicted Cycle 22, which peaked that year.And in 1996 scientists predicted Cycle 23. Both earlier groups did better at predicting timing than intensity, according to Biesecker. The last solar minimum occurred in December, the researchers said. W. Dean Pesnell of the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration said the forecasts are based on such indicators as thestrength of the sun's magnetic field at the poles and the reaction ofthe Earth's magnetic field to the sun. Both are weak right now, hesaid, with only a few sunspots visible since 2007. A preliminary forecast issued in 2007 was split over theoutlook for the upcoming cycle, Biesecker said the researchers have nowreached consensus. ___ On the Net: NOAA: http://www.noaa.gov NASA: http://www.nasa.gov Space Weather Center: http://www.spaceweather.gov
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