Gunmen fired shots at a car belonging to the Iranian embassy near the ambassador's residence in Yemen's capital Sanaa on Saturday, seriously wounding a diplomat, security sources said.
The ambassador was not in the car at the time of the attack, the sources said.
Arabic news channel Al Jazeera said a diplomat was killed, but security sources told Reuters he was in a serious condition after being injured.
The gunmen fled, and there was no immediate claim of responsibility.
Iran is the leading Shi'ite Muslim power in the Middle East, and its diplomatic missions in the Arab world have occasionally been targeted as sectarian violence spreads in the region.
Sectarian rivalry between Shi'ite Muslim Houthis and ultra-conservative Sunni Salafis has increased in northern Yemen in the last several months, with at least 210 people killed.
The violence erupted on Oct. 30 when Houthi rebels, who control much of the northern Saada province, accused Salafis in the town of Damaj of recruiting thousands of foreign fighters to prepare to attack them.