Babe Ruth and the Holocaust

Babe Ruth is remembered for his home runs on the field and his hot dog binges and other peccadilloes off the field. But as the American public is about to discover, there was another Babe Ruth – one who went to bat for women and minorities, including the Jews of Europe during the Holocaust.Throughout the spring and summer of 1942, Allied leaders received a steady stream of reports about the Germans massacring tens of thousands of Jewish civilians.Information reaching the Roosevelt administration in August revealed that the killings were not random atrocities, but part of a Nazi plan to systematically annihilate all of Europe’s Jews. In late November the State Department publicly verified this news, and on December 17, the US and British governments and their allies issued a declaration acknowledging and condemning the mass murder.But aside from that Allied statement, the Roosevelt administration had no intention of doing anything in response to the killings. There was no serious consideration of opening America’s doors – or the doors of British-ruled Palestine – to Jewish refugees. There was no discussion of taking any steps to rescue the Jews. As quickly as the mass murder had been revealed, it began to fade from the public eye.Dorothy Thompson was determined to keep that from happening. And Babe Ruth would help her.Thompson (1893-1961) was the first American journalist to be expelled from Nazi Germany. She was once described by Time magazine as one of the two most influential women in the United States, second only to Eleanor Roosevelt. In the autumn of 1942, Thompson contacted the World Jewish Congress with a novel idea: mobilizing German-Americans to speak out against the Nazi persecution of the Jews.As a journalist, Thompson understood the man-bites-dog news value of German-Americans protesting against Germany – especially in view of the well-publicized pro-Nazi sentiment in some segments of the German- American community. Just a few years earlier, more than 20,000 supporters of the German American Bund had filled Madison Square Garden for a pro-Hitler rally.The World Jewish Congress agreed to foot the bill for publishing Thompson’s anti- Nazi statement as a newspaper advertisement.She drafted the text and set about recruiting signatories. Seventy years ago, on Dec. 22, the “Christmas Declaration by men and women of German ancestry” appeared as a full-page ad in The New York Times and nine other major daily newspapers.“[W]e Americans of German descent raise our voices in denunciation of the Hitler policy of cold-blooded extermination of the Jews of Europe and against the barbarities committed by the Nazis against all other innocent peoples under their sway,” the declaration begins. “These horrors... are, in particular, a challenge to those who, like ourselves are descendants of the Germany that once stood in the foremost ranks of civilization.”The ad goes on to “utterly repudiate every thought and deed of Hitler and his Nazis,” and urge the people of Germany “to overthrow a regime which is the infamy of German history.”The names of 50 prominent German-Americans appeared on the advertisement.There were several notable academics, such as Princeton University dean Christian Gauss and University of Maine president Arthur Mauck. Leading Protestant theologian Reinhold Niebuhr, news correspondent William Shirer and orchestra conductor Walter Damrosch appeared in the ad. So did Freda Kirchwey, editor of the political newsweekly The Nation, and Oswald Heck, speaker of the New York State Assembly.But the signatory who was by far the best known to the American public was George Herman “Babe” Ruth.Widely regarded as the greatest baseball player in the history of the game, Ruth, known as the Sultan of Swat, at that time held the records for the most home runs in a season (60) and the most home runs in a career (714) as well as numerous other batting records. Having excelled as a pitcher before switching to the outfield and gaining fame as a hitter, the amazingly versatile Ruth even held the pitching record for the most shutouts in a season by a left-hander. Not surprisingly, Ruth was one of the first players elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame.By participating in this German-American protest against the Holocaust, Ruth used his powerful name to help attract public attention to the Jews’ plight. Timing is everything, both on the baseball field and beyond, and the timing of Ruth’s protest was crucial: precisely at the moment when US officials were hoping to brush the Jewish refugee problem aside, Babe Ruth helped keep it front and center.In an era when professional athletes rarely lent their names to political causes, and when most Americans – including the Roosevelt administration – took little interest in the mass murder of Europe’s Jews, Babe Ruth raised his voice in protest. Ruth’s action is all the more memorable when one contrasts it with the other kinds of behavior that all too often land athletes on the front pages these days.Filmmaker Byron Hunter and Ruth’s granddaughter, Linda Ruth Tosetti, have collaborated on a soon-to-be-released documentary, Universal Babe. Those who are accustomed to thinking of Ruth’s off-the-field activities in terms of binges and carousing will be pleasantly surprised to learn from the film of the slugger’s noble efforts on behalf of women’s baseball, the Negro Baseball Leagues and the Jews of Hitler’s Europe.Dr. Rafael Medoff is founding director of The David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies in Washington, DC.

Babe Ruth and the Holocaust

Seventy years ago, the names of 50 German-Americans appeared in a full-page advertisement in ten daily newspapers ‘in denunciation of the Hitler policy of cold-blooded extermination of the Jews of Europe.’ The most prominent signatory was George Herman ‘Babe’ Ruth.

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