How an Iraqi Jew blazed the trail to freedom

Joe Schemtob z'l, whose father Heskel was a pioneer of the aliya of 130,000 Jews from Iraq in the 1950s, blazed the trail for an (illegal) 'Kachagh' smugglers' route out of Iraq through Kurdistan into Iran. It was taken by thousands of desperate Jews after 1970. Part 1 tells how he prepared for his dangerous mission, which could have resulted in arrest and even execution at the hands of the Iraqi Government. Here is his account of his actual escape. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On 27 July 1970 at 20.00, we left on mules on our way to Iran. We were very happy and excited. We prayed that God Almighty would save us from the Iraqi tyranny. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">As (my brother) Doudi's back was still poorly, he was unable to ride a mule. The (Kurdish) smugglers suggested putting a rice sack on each side of the mule and then laying a mattress over the sacks. Doudi would then be tied onto it. the journey traversed steep mountainous paths with streams flowing across, normally suited only to the fit and well. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Now the drama of our journey started. On the crest of the hill, suddenly the caravan stopped. Shecho said that they only wanted to rest. We noticed that suddenly an argument had broken out amongst the smugglers. None of us could understand Kurdish but we felt uneasy. I asked Shecho what was wrong, but he assured me not to worry. Rahman suddenly turned his horse back and headed back towards Zena. Within a few minutes, all the smugglers including Shecho had followed Rahman. They had left us stranded on the top of the mountain. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> We had no other choice but to go down the mountain, back to Kurdistan. On the main road, luckily, a taxi passed by and took us back to Darband. A person from the Iraqi Government occupied one of the hotel rooms, but the other two were vacant so we took them. Did those smugglers want to kill us and take our belongings, or did they just want our belongings and to leave us on the mountain to make our own way? We will never know, but we must thank God and Rahman for reporting to Major Shakeeb that we were stranded on the mountain near Zena. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">From this point on, Major Shakeeb personally looked after us. We heard voices outside. I looked out and saw five or six Pesh Merga <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">with their guns, and Shecho handcuffed, with his head down so as not to be seen. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I knew that we had been found out. I was not so worried about the Pesh Merga<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, more about the guest next door who was a member of the Iraqi government. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I approached a smartly-dressed man amongst the Pesh Merga <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and asked if he spoke English. I did not want to alert the Iraqi government official, who I hoped wouldn't understand English, to our predicament. The person introduced himself in English as Major Shakeeb of the Pesh Merga. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He knew that we were Jews who were trying to escape to Iran. I took him to Doudi's room and asked him how he knew. He said that he found a Hebrew prayer book amongst our belongings. I asked him whether I could see Mr Zaid Othman, the Foreign Minister of Barzani's Kurdish government who lived only a stone's throw away from the hotel in Darband. He told me that Mr Othman was in Baghdad and enquired how I knew him. I replied that he was a friend and a tennis colleague. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He asked what our reason was for going to Iran. We confessed that it was principally to escape the atrocities of the Iraqi Government. Doudi needed an operation on his back impossible to arrange in Baghdad. Our plan was to go to Iran and from there to England for the operation. We begged him to help us by not telling the Iraqi authorities. To our surprise,the Major said that he would be pleased to help us. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Darband was a dangerous place and he wished to take us immediately somewhere safer. He called us two taxis at 12.30 am and took us to a house to sleep. The occupants were ordered to leave. He would return in the morning. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(My sister) Fahima went to bed first. She saw something metal under her pillow. It was a gun. I took it from her and put it somewhere safe. I had faith in Major Shakeeb. Poor Doudi was sceptical and worried what the next hour would bring. Major Shakeeb could not tell us much, apart from assuring us that everything was going to plan. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> On 28 July 1970, Shakeeb brought two Land Rovers and took us to a safer place called Chooman where no ordinary cars could pass. There were only two semi- detached houses and he said that we should remain there until we could travel to Iran. We simply had to believe him. In Chooman, our kind neighbours brought us more than enough to eat: a samovar to make tea, cream, fresh bread baked in the Tannoor<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> oven, eggs, jam and milk. They were incredibly kind and we were grateful for their hospitality. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> We stayed in Chooman until 5 August. At around 20.00 hours, I saw a light coming towards us, perhaps the headlights of a car. Major Shakeeb came out. He announced 'tonight you will be going to Iran.' We could not believe it. We were so happy. We quickly packed all our belongings and squeezed ourselves into one Rover car. Major Shakeeb was not coming with us: someone ranked much higher would be looking after us. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We bid him farewell and thanked him for all he had done for us. He refused to take our 'present'. In 20 minutes we had reached a house in Haj Omran (near the border with Iran) . None other than Masuad Barzani, the Kurdish leader, came to the room and introduced himself. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Mr Barzani was a gentleman. He asked if there were more people who wanted to leave Iraq illegally to Iran. He said that he would be willing to help them cross the border. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I suggested going back to Baghdad by myself to bring my brother Djamil and his family and other friends. However, Doudi was not in favour of this idea as it would be too dangerous. I agreed but my conscience wanted to save them. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We drew up a list of over twenty people who would be interested in leaving Iraq. The list was to be handed to my brother Djamil, and he would inform the others. Unfortunately the list was given to Nissim Shina. Not only did he himself cross the border with his friends, but the list never reached Djamil or the others who wanted to escape. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We hugged Mr Barzani and thanked him for what he had done for us. He provided us with two cars to take us to Iran. He added that at Khana (the border), an Israeli agent would be contacting us. T<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">he Israeli agent visited us in our hotel. The next evening we took the train to Teheran. On our arrival, to our surprise, the Sofer and the Chitayat families were waiting for us at the station. They rented a flat for us and drove us straight there. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We had a wonderful time in Teheran with our friends and the happiness of leaving Iraq contributed to our joy. On 10 August, we left Teheran for Israel. We met friends and had a very good time. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I left for London on 21 August 1970, and it was a great joy to reunite with (my wife) Foufou and (son) David after exactly six years. On 3 September 1971, we were very glad to have Ronnie, our second son. This is our long and dangerous story, which ended well. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I am glad people made it the same way; others made it in different ways. I am sorry that some had a hard time, like (my brother) Djamil and (sister) Rachel who were caught on the way to Iran. It could have been easier if they had received the list. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> What I did was a very dangerous thing. I did not do it because I was brave. I did it because I had to, with God's help. He gave me the courage to undertake such a responsible and dangerous mission - we could have easily lost our lives. Thank God, a million times - He helped us all the way. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Just before we left Teheran, Morris Khalastchi and his family came to Iran, also 'Kachagh'. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He told me that my father Heskel Schemtob had made the Aliya <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">of 120, 000 people to Israel possible, and now twenty years later, I had blazed the trail. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> “It was great work done by both of you.” <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> I do not, however, believe that I had done even one percent of what my father achieved. Joe Schemtob died in London in February 2015

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