Egyptians Must Cultivate Democracy, Reagan- and Sharansky-style

By GIL STERN STERN TROY
Israelis usually know not to let fears about the future preclude appreciating the present.  All peace-loving democrats should celebrate the potential inherent in Egypt’s popular uprising. As the people who taught the world about going from slavery to freedom by leaving ancient Egypt, Jews would love to see modern Egypt teach the Arab world about going from the enslavement of dictators to the freedom that flourishes in peaceful, popular, democracies.
Democracy is delicious. Those of us who enjoy civil rights, who live in states empowering the people, who see leaders rotated regularly, who have no secret police to fear, should never take this miracle for granted. And we should welcome those who try to join our by no means exclusive but definitely privileged club.
This week, two anniversaries remind us about the essential link between freedom and democracy. February 6 marked the 100thanniversary of Ronald Reagan’s birth.  When many intellectuals were too dazzled by Communism to recognize its crimes, Reagan called the Soviet Union the Evil Empire. Shocked, one leading American historian labeled Reagan’s 1983 address the worst presidential speech ever. Reagan never understood how people so smart could be so dumb – and arrogant – to assume that the people suffering under Communism did not yearn for freedom as Americans did.
As President, Reagan helped free another freedom fighter, Natan Sharansky, from the Gulag, 25 years ago, on February 11, 1986.  While Reagan faced condescending professors, Sharansky had to resist the KGB, the Soviet secret police. These days, when many criticize Israel for being too worried about its peace with Egypt to cheer the democratic revolution, the world should remember that since 1986, Natan Sharansky has been preaching from Israel that Arabs deserve democracy – defying the conventional wisdom even as it mocked him, George W. Bush, and others for demanding that.
Not surprisingly, today, when historical memories get wiped out with each click of the refresh button, Israel’s critics are busy rewriting history. The bash-Israel crowd, dismayed that those pesky Arabs again had other concerns beyond the Palestinians, nevertheless used the Egyptian crisis to attack Israel. Now they criticize Israel for making peace with dictators – as if Israel could choose some democratic leader of Egypt as a peace partner.
Turn back the historical clock three decades. Had Israel rejected the media darling Anwar Sadat because he was a dictator, the world would have condemned Israel. Today, these critics want Israel to make peace with Mahmoud Abbas – another aging autocrat – and the deadly dictators of Hamas.  Yitzhak Rabin’s realist teaching that you only make peace with your enemies has an unspoken Middle East corollary – where strongmen reign you can only make peace with dictators, although not if they promise to obliterate you.
The media herd has missed another inconvenient nuance, failing to understand that popular is not necessarily democratic.  The New York Times ran one article after another reading like Muslim Brotherhood press releases. On February 4, Nicholas Kulish’s Valentine claimed that the Muslim Brotherhood’s “actual members … come across as civic-minded people of faith.” Roger Cohen gushed that “the Middle East has evolved… Islamic parties can run thriving economies and democracies like Turkey’s,” adding gratuitously and disproportionately, “Democracies can coexist with politically-organized religious extremists, as Israel itself demonstrates.”
Apparently, these cheerleaders have never read the Muslim Brotherhood’s founder Hassan al-Banna’s harsh exhortations to “prepare for jihad and be the lovers of death.” These deluded democrats overlooked the Muslim Brotherhood’s Nazi roots, which produced Hamas terrorists not Turkish economists. And, perhaps most important of all, these simpletons and others have overlooked democracy’s essential foundations.
Yes, democracy involves not having dictators. And yes, democracy can result from popular revolts. But even orderly elections can spawn dictators and demagogues, violent societies and civil rights violators.  Civil society’s gossamer threads must restrain government’s blunt power. Citizens in a democracy need basic rights, essential protections, fundamental dignity, not just occasional trips to the voting booth.
In graduate school, we debated whether Colonial America’s fluidity, mobility, and prosperity – unlike Europe’s feudal rigidity – nurtured American democracy. I learned then – and we learned from watching disasters in Gaza and elsewhere -- that you don’t build democracy from the (headless) top down, you build it from the ground up. Ronald Reagan understood that when he funded institutions like the Voice of America to cultivate a vibrant political culture of openness, tolerance, and dissent in Communist lands. Natan Sharansky understood that when he championed building factories and investing in Gaza and the West Bank, even as Palestinians terrorists murdered Israelis. Many Islamist groups understand that when they woo the masses by feeding, teaching and employing them before recruiting them.  Unfortunately, elite American reporters – and the Ivy League-trained American President – do not seem to grasp this concept, with their suddenly impatient calls for immediate change and their inability to see that democracy must be groomed not gorged.
In the musical “South Pacific,” set during World War II, the wise Emile de Becque asks a hotheaded American sailor: “I know what you''re against. What are you for?”
We know the Egypt rebels are against Hosni Mubarak, but what are they for? Are they for women’s rights, gay rights, Jews’ rights, Coptic Christians’ rights, human rights? Are they for allowing different ideas to flourish, listening to their opponents, resolving conflicts peacefully, freedom of thought, freedom of speech, freedom of religion? Are they for establishing a prosperous, stable middle class base so democracy can flourish? Are they for a new democracy built citizen by citizen, institution by institution, social good by social good?
Rather than being paralyzed by fear or naively deluded, Israel, America, and the world, should do whatever possible to plant the necessary democratic seeds, so the answers become “yes,” even “yes we can.”
Gil Troy is Professor of History at McGill University and a Shalom Hartman Research Fellow in Jerusalem. He is the author of “Why I Am A Zionist: Israel, Jewish Identity and the Challenges of Today,” and, most recently, “The Reagan Revolution: A Very Short Introduction.” giltroy@gmail.com