The phrase - which literally means 'free Cuba' - has long been associated with both Cuban independence from Spain and later its 1959 revolution.
Thousands of Cubans took part in protests over shortages of basic goods, curbs on civil liberties, and the government's handling of a surge in COVID-19 infections, in the most significant unrest in decades in the Caribbean island nation.
In the United States, and especially in Florida which has a large community of Cuban exiles, demonstrators also staged protests, waving Cuban flags and calling for change.
In the wake of the protests, US President Joe Biden called Cuba a "failed state" that is "repressing their citizens," dashing hopes he could lift crippling sanctions any time soon that have contributed to the country's worst economic crisis in decades.
Cuban President Miguel Diaz-Canel said on Friday the United States, not Cuba, was a failed state.