The Israeli healthcare system is preparing for the potential exposure to chemical substances from Iranian missile fuel launched toward Israel.
A document recently published by Magen David Adom (MDA) and distributed to emergency teams warned that some of the missiles fired during Operation Roaring Lion are powered by liquid propellant, which could pose a health risk in the event of a leak or exposure in the field.
Since the operation began, hundreds of missiles and drones have been fired at Israel, creating numerous impact zones across the country.
Many of these missiles are powered by liquid-propellant rockets, which use two materials: a propellant that provides the energy for combustion and an oxidizer that supplies the oxygen required for combustion. These systems are mainly used in large missiles, which include fuel and oxidizer tanks, pumps, piping, and complex control systems.
The MDA document stated that rocket fuel is a hazardous material and that missile propulsion systems may contain several dangerous substances.
One such substance is hydrazine-based fuel, which is highly volatile and flammable. Exposure can cause eye and skin irritation, respiratory issues like coughing and shortness of breath, and neurological effects such as headaches, confusion, and even seizures. In some cases, exposure may lead to more extensive systemic damage.
The document also highlighted hydrocarbon fuels, like alcohol and kerosene, which can irritate the respiratory system and depress the central nervous system. Along with these fuels, the missiles use oxidizers such as fuming nitric acid, nitrogen oxides, liquid fluorine, and liquid oxygen, all of which are highly corrosive and can irritate the skin, eyes, and lungs.
The document warned of a two-phase poisoning process. While initial symptoms may be mild, they can worsen after a latent period, potentially leading to pulmonary edema and long-term lung damage.
MDA noted that although the likelihood of encountering large quantities of hazardous materials at an impact site is low, it remains possible. The amount of material left in missile engines or debris is uncertain, and in some cases, gas or liquid leaks may be detected, along with a sharp acidic odor, before reaching the site.
Guidelines highlight need for early detection
MDA's guidelines stress the need for early detection of hazardous material exposure. Key signs include spilled liquid, colorful smoke or clouds, unusual odors, and casualties with symptoms like eye irritation, coughing, shortness of breath, skin irritation, or burns. In severe cases, confusion, seizures, or changes in consciousness may occur, while environmental damage to plants or animals could also indicate exposure.
Rescue teams are urged to exercise caution at sites where chemical exposure is suspected, coordinating with bomb disposal units, police, fire services, and the Home Front Command. In the event of a hazardous materials incident, the operational center must be alerted immediately, and emergency protocols must be followed.
MDA added that rescue vehicles carry protective equipment, including specialized kits, to assist teams when needed. However, the primary guideline is to avoid direct contact with missile engines or parts and stay alert for signs of leaks or hazardous materials.