Ultimately, I suppose, it's all about the trees. Were it not for the tree of knowledge and its succulent fruit, there would be no good or evil, no right or wrong, no sin, and no death. Even before Adam and Eve partook of forbidden fruit, trees were involved in an act of disobedience. It happened on the third day of creation when God ordered the earth to bring forth trees with wood as sweet and edible as their fruit. Instead, trees developed stems and branches and trunks that were good for making fires and furniture but not for eating. In the year 1570, at the funeral of Moshe Cordovero in Safed, Isaac Luria implicated "the tree" in the death of his saintly friend. In Luria's eulogy of Cordovero, he quoted from Deuteronomy 21:22. This verse states that, after a person is executed for committing a capital crime/sin, you should hang him from a tree. Luria pointed out that the word for sin (het) also means "lack" and that the word for hang (talita) also means "blame." In other words, if someone dies without having sinned, as in the case of a tzadik such as Cordovero, you should blame it on the tree (of knowledge), by which the phenomenon of inescapable physical death entered the world. Trees also provide an environment for licentiousness, and the prophets warn the people not to engage in immorality under their leafy boughs. The ashera was a tree that was planted next to shrines of idol worshipers and, therefore, the prophets would not allow trees to be planted near altars where God's sacrificial service was performed. Yet trees, just as they can lead to sin, can also be objects of holiness. We know that Abraham planted a tamarisk (eshel) in Beersheba, under which he provided hospitality to desert travelers. Jacob planted trees in Egypt, which he promised would be cut down and carried away at the moment of the exodus, to inspire the people and continually remind them of their ultimate redemption. Indeed, the wood from Jacob's trees would eventually be used in construction of the mishkan or mobile sanctuary that was utilized for worship during 40 years of desert travel. And in Avot de Rabbi Natan, Yohanan Ben Zakkai says: "If you have a sapling in your hand and are told that the messiah has come, first plant the sapling, then go out to greet the messiah." How fitting that planting a tree should take precedence over greeting the messiah! This bold act certifies that the arrival of the messiah will usher in a new reality where sin and death, introduced through a tree, no longer hold sway. WHEN DISCUSSING the water shortage and its implications for garden design, attention is usually focused on shrubs and low-growing flowering perennials that have minimal water requirements. Often overlooked in this discussion, however, are the benefits provided by trees. In general, established trees need little water while, at the same time, they provide sun protection and reduce water stress in the plants growing nearby. In general, there is not much room for trees in the small yards and gardens outside the multi-unit buildings where most Israelis live. Yet there are a number of small to medium-sized trees that merit consideration where garden space is limited. Most leguminous trees are well-suited to our climate and soil conditions. They can live in deserts and other infertile soils due to their roots, which live in symbiosis with nitrate producing bacteria and, therefore, do not require fertilization. Notable among leguminous trees are many acacia (shita in Hebrew) species. Acacia trees, native to Australia and East Africa, put forth golden yellow flower puffs in late winter and early spring. Acacias grow quickly in almost any soil and require little water. At maturity, they are no more than six to nine meters tall. A good example is Acacia baileyana, the golden mimosa. Its blue-gray feathery leaves impart an unparalleled softness to the tree's canopy. Acacia baileyana purpurea, a variety with violet-tinted foliage, is also noteworthy. The knife acacia (Acacia cultriformis) has fascinating triangular leaves, and the Sydney golden wattle (Acacia longiflora) produces scads of flowers in pendant, butter-yellow chains. The mimosa or silk tree (Albizia julibrissin), with its feathery foliage and wispy pink flowers, is another notable leguminous tree. It is a fast grower with a funnel-shaped form. "Chocolate Summer" is a captivating silk tree cultivar with purple-bronze leaves. Mesquite (Prosopis), from the North American desert, has lush foliage and a black trunk. Japanese pagoda tree (Sophora japonica) has a perfectly symmetrical domed canopy, furrowed bark and white flowers. The western redbud (Cercis occidentalis) has brilliant magenta flowers and heart-shaped leaves, while the eastern redbud "Forest Pansy" (Cercis canadensis) has fascinating purple foliage. Rounding out the list of moderate sized leguminous trees is the gold medallion tree (Cassia leptophylla). Its panicles of deep yellow flowers followed by leathery, dark-brown seed pods that are half a meter in length, leave a lasting impression. Fruit trees enhance any garden and most of them do fine with a single weekly soaking. Put a slowly trickling hose just inside the drip line, so-called because this is where water drips off a tree when it rains, directly below the canopy perimeter, and leave it there for several hours. Alternatively, circle your tree along the canopy perimeter line with drip irrigation tubing. These days, most fruit trees are grafted on to dwarf or semi-dwarf rootstocks so that they grow no taller than a manageable height of two to three meters. Fall is the best time of year to plant every kind of tree. Fall planting allows tree roots to grow rapidly in soil that is still warm from summer's heat. At the same time, air temperature has cooled so tree foliage and bark will not be scorched. Also, fall planting ensures that every drop of winter rain will be available to your young tree so that it can settle nicely into the garden before the heat of spring and summer comes.n Yehoshua Siskin welcomes questions pertaining to your garden. E-mail him at: gardengan18@yahoo.com.

In the Garden: All about the trees

Trees, just as they can lead to sin, can also be objects of holiness.