A new phase in Israel-Gulf relations

Intelligence and Transportation Minister Israel Katz pushed for cooperation between Israel and the Gulf states in a speech in Oman on November 7. “In my view, cooperation between Israel and the Gulf states can and should be expanded,” he said. “Israel also has a lot to offer when it comes to water desalination and irrigation, agriculture and medicine.” The trip bookended several high profile visits to the Gulf by Israeli officials. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu visited Oman in late October. Culture and Sport Minister Miri Regev and Communications Minister Ayoub Kara also traveled to the United Arab Emirates, one to attend a sporting event and another for a conference. The visits represent a significant breakthrough in connections between Israel the Gulf states. Since the 1990s, when Israel signed the Oslo Accords and made peace with Jordan, there were increasing ties to several Gulf countries. This included the opening of trade offices. However, relations became frozen during the Second Intifada (2000-2005). In the last decade, a thaw has taken place. Katz said during his visit that his trip and others were “part of a wider trend of strengthening ties between Israel and the Gulf countries based on common interests and a mutual recognition of the potential benefits for both sides, both in terms of contending with common challenges and threats, as well as opportunities.” The transportation minister's visit to Oman coincided with his discussions about a rail link or “tracks of regional peace” that could one day foresee linking Israel with the rest of the Arab region. He discussed the plan at the IRU Congress that met in Muscat from November 6 to 8. Currently, Israel has relations with Jordan and Egypt. Jordan has been seeking to expand its very limited rail network; the Gulf states and Saudi Arabia are all laying plans for major infrastructure projects involving rail and transportation. In the United Arab Emirates, Etihad Rail is planning a 1,200-km. line that will eventually reach the Saudi Arabian border and Oman. A 2,400-km. line would link Riyadh to Al-Haditha on the Jordanian border. It would give Saudi Arabia around 3,900 km. of track. OMAN, where Katz traveled, has been increasing its rail network in recent years. In 2015, Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said signed off on two more phases of a multi-phase rail network. The first phase links Al Buraimi on the UAE border with the port of Sohar. A second phase would stretch down to Ibri and another phase would go down to the port of Al Duqm. Eventually, it could be 2,135 km. long. With Jordan as a regional transportation hub, Israel could be hooked up to a powerful network of regional states. This would also aid the Palestinian economy. “It will create an additional trade route in the region, which is shorter, faster and cheaper,” Katz said. With Saudi Arabia pioneering major economic reforms, called Vision 2030, the region is on the verge of an economic revolution after years of stagnation. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest economies in the region, but it wants to diversify and is laying plans for nuclear energy, investments in desalination and other projects. Israel and the UAE are perfectly positioned, with roughly the same GDP, to benefit and contribute to this regional awakening. Eight years since the Arab Spring began at the end of 2010, the Middle East is still recovering from the instability and terrorism that became the dark side of the spring. Out of the chaos and instability came the extremism of Islamic State. The defeat of ISIS has now led to a new struggle by Iran and its adversaries for regional hegemony. All of this has overshadowed Israel's important role in regional security and relationships. Katz's visit shows that attitudes are changing. “This is the first time an Israeli minister has been formally invited to participate in an international conference in Oman,” his office noted. He described Qaboos as an experienced and impressive leader. “I was moved to receive such a warm welcome in Oman as an Israeli minister and take part in Oman's traditional sword dance.” It is a sign of Israel's growing strength. TODAY, the Middle East faces a series of slow-burning conflicts that do not appear to have a clear end in sight. In Syria, the remnants of ISIS are still a threat along the Euphrates. The US-led coalition and its Syrian Democratic Forces partners are fighting ISIS, but the progress is slow going. It has been more than a year since Raqqa was liberated and the city is in need of major investment. Slowly, the US and other countries, such as Saudi Arabia, have begun to invest in eastern Syria. However, a large question mark remains over what the final result will be there. Turkey, which opposed the US embassy move to Jerusalem, has also been upset with Washington's role working with the People's Protection Units (YPG) in eastern Syria, which Ankara sees as terrorists connected to the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). Meanwhile, Turkey is playing an important role in northern Syria with the Free Syrian Army and has signed an agreement with Russia in Idlib. This means that the Syrian conflict has gone from a hot war to a more frozen conflict. At any time, especially with the malfeasance of Iran, Syria could become a conflict zone again. At the same time, there is a brutal conflict being waged in Yemen between Iranian-backed Houthi rebels and a Saudi-led alliance. In Iraq, ISIS remains a threat and there are disputes between the Iranian-backed Shi'ite militias and the US and Western allies. In Libya, a conflict continues and extremists are putting down roots. This means that we have a region that is still divided between stable countries and those where extremism is part of an arc of threats that stretch from the Sahel to Afghanistan. Katz's vision of a network of rail links may take decades to come to fruition, but it is an important symbol of the way the region may trend towards stability. A stable Middle East, as has been illustrated by the last decades of conflict, is essential for global stability.

A new phase in Israel-Gulf relations

Recent visits by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Minister Israel Katz to Oman could herald a regional upheaval.

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A new phase in Israel-Gulf relations

Recent visits by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Minister Israel Katz to Oman could herald a regional upheaval.

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