Doctor explains: When back pain indicates a serious problem

Back pain is one of the most common complaints in medicine. According to the National Health Survey of the Ministry of Health, more than half of adults in Israel reported having experienced back pain at some point in their lives, and the prevalence increases with age.

The picture is similar worldwide. International studies indicate that between half and 80% of people will experience lower back pain at least once in their lives. A study conducted at Johns Hopkins University in 2023 found that about 26% of those suffering from acute back pain may develop chronic back pain within three months of the initial event. In most cases it is temporary pain that resolves on its own within days or weeks, but sometimes the pain is not just a strained muscle but an early sign of a medical problem that requires examination.

In most cases back pain passes on its own and does not indicate a serious problem. However, there are situations in which the pain can be a sign of a medical issue that requires evaluation. When back pain is accompanied by changes in sensation, weakness or daily functioning, it is important not to ignore it and to seek medical examination. Sometimes it is a simple condition that can be easily treated, but in other cases timely examination can prevent deterioration and allow early and effective treatment.

Among the prominent signs to watch for:

When arriving for an examination due to back pain, the first step is a conversation aimed at understanding when the pain started and what exactly is felt. The doctor will ask whether the pain appeared after exertion, incorrect movement or lifting weight, and whether there are additional symptoms such as radiation to the legs, weakness or changes in sensation. This information helps distinguish between common back pain originating from muscles and a condition that requires further evaluation.

Afterwards a physical examination is performed in which the range of motion of the back is assessed, the ability to bend or twist, and sometimes also strength and sensation in the legs. In most cases it is a temporary pain that can be treated relatively simply, therefore the initial recommendation is to continue moderate movement, avoid prolonged bed rest and sometimes combine short medication treatment for pain relief.

In certain situations there is no immediate need for imaging tests. X-ray or advanced imaging is considered mainly when the pain persists for a long time or when signs appear that require deeper evaluation.

In addition, maintaining moderate activity, keeping proper posture while sitting and incorporating light strengthening exercises can prevent worsening of common back pain. Monitoring changes in sensation, weakness or muscle strength also helps the doctor obtain an accurate picture and decide on the need for additional examination.

Back pain is common, and in most cases it passes on its own within days or weeks. However, during periods when routine changes and physical activity decreases, it is important to be alert to signs that may indicate a more serious problem. Maintaining movement, proper posture and listening to the body can prevent worsening and ease the pain. Remember that timely examination by a doctor can save time and pain and help maintain your quality of life.