During his latest press conference, the prime minister acknowledged that Israel’s communication efforts had not achieved their objectives during the Israel-Hamas War. This clarity is essential. Beyond political, ideological, or strategic disagreements, a significant part of the tension with Western countries – especially France – stems from deep cultural differences that shape opposing perceptions of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Israel and Western Europe view the war and the Palestinian conflict through different “cultural lenses,” which shape not only their interpretations but the very meaning they attribute to events.
Two worldviews: Israeli pragmatism, European universalism
From Israel’s perspective, the conflict is approached pragmatically, purposefully, and ethically: neutralizing threats, ensuring national security, protecting its civilians, and minimizing collateral damage whenever possible. Actions are evaluated according to operational effectiveness and long-term security outcomes.
France and most Western European countries adopt a different framework, shaped by centuries of Christian heritage, humanitarian norms, and political cultures marked by legalism. Caution and aversion to risk or uncertainty are also valued, especially in the context of the repeated crises that have unsettled their societies and polarized them. Added to this is a persistent attachment to symbolic codes, honor, respect, and courteous language – elements often underestimated in Israel, a country accustomed to direct speaking.
These contrasting frameworks explain why the same event can carry almost opposite meanings.
The debate concerning the war in Gaza
For Israel, recognizing a Palestinian state during the war amounts to indirectly rewarding Hamas and creating a strategic risk for its security. In most Western countries, this recognition is perceived instead as a moral obligation and a prerequisite for long-term regional stabilization. What Israel sees as a threat is seen elsewhere in Europe as necessary progress.
Similarly, Israel’s war effort focused on pressuring Hamas and operating in Gaza City to maximize the chances of recovering hostages. European governments, by contrast, focused on current suffering regardless of operational context.
Israel reasons in terms of “protecting Israeli civilian lives in the long run.” Europe reasons in terms of “alleviating suffering in the present.” These positions are not merely opposed: they arise from diverse cultural systems.
Why do messages not get through?
Israel typically communicates from within its own cultural logic and priorities. Yet speaking only about its needs does not resonate with partners whose political cultures are different. As a result, Israeli messages are often not heard and might even be interpreted as dismissive of European concerns.
Furthermore, the direct Israeli communication style is sometimes perceived as too abrupt in Western Europe. Candor, valued in Israeli society, can be experienced in some European countries as an affront to the Western culture of honor and can produce the opposite of the intended effect: tension, withdrawal, or even hostility.
Of course, European positions are also shaped by their own interests, internal politics, and sometimes ideological biases. But ignoring the cultural dimension amounts to ignoring a key factor underpinning their choices.
Toward a shared language
To build mutual understanding, Israel must integrate European cultural logics into its communication strategy and establish a shared language – one of respect, reason, and mutual interests. This does not mean renouncing its positions; it means articulating them in a language that can be received.
To move forward, Israel should explore the following paths.
Improving tone and diplomatic courtesy. Even though Israel’s anger is understandable in certain situations, in Europe, politeness is not cosmetic; it is a precondition for dialogue. A respectful and empathetic tone helps stabilize relationships and avoid escalation.
Framing Israeli arguments within European values. For example:
- Highlighting that dismantling groups listed as terrorist organizations in Europe aligns with EU security priorities.
- Stressing that the fight against Hamas and its Iranian sponsor reinforces regional stability, a shared interest.
- Recalling precedents: the Western coalition against ISIS, formed after terrorist attacks in France and elsewhere, also involved bombings, destruction, and civilian casualties. This is the result of wars in urban environments.
- Placing greater emphasis on framing Hamas not only as a military threat, but as a fundamental obstacle to any kind of peace and viable resolution of the conflict. Moreover, the removal of Hamas does not contradict Palestinian interests. On the contrary, it aligns with them, even if this is not immediately apparent within the context of an ongoing war. Hamas is not only consistently and ideologically opposed to any realistic solution to the conflict – it prioritizes its ideological and strategic goals over the interests of the Palestinian population, contributing to long-term stagnation, repression, and the systematic obstruction of Gaza’s social and economic development.
Using a common narrative framework. Israel would benefit from speaking more about these topics rather than limiting its discourse to its own national needs. While it may feel counterintuitive or politically unnatural for Israel to emphasize the interests of the “other side,” this framing is essential for European audiences.
Understanding in order to be understood
The current tension between Israel and most Western European countries results from a missed dialogue: each side speaks its own cultural language without perceiving the other’s. This is not only a matter of words but of mental frameworks, religious heritages, and political traditions.
As Gregory Bateson wrote, “Without context, words and actions have no meaning at all.”
The context Israel too often overlooks is the cultural gap separating it from its Western partners. Acknowledging this gap does not mean accepting every European position, but it is a necessary step for being heard, understood, and respected.
Prof. Gilles Barouch’s fields of expertise are quality management, sustainable development, and conflict mediation. Oron Krymolowski-Meishar is a rhetoric instructor.