Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF)

Iran targets Kurdistan Region in Iraq, seeks to make it a war zone - analysis

Iran attacks Kurdish groups in Iraq, using militias to strike US forces and neighbors, seeking to turn Iraq into a strategic buffer zone against uprisings in Kurdish areas of Iran.

|BySETH J. FRANTZMAN
A plume of smoke rises near Erbil International Airport in Erbil on March 1, 2026.
Members of the Popular Mobilization Forces drive along the border with Syria in the Tarfawi area of northwestern Iraq on January 22, 2026.

Iranian-backed militias exploit Syria-SDF clashes to entrench role in Iraq - analysis

The Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), which are mostly made up of Iranian-backed militias, have now deployed to the border. 

|BySETH J. FRANTZMAN
People gather during protest on January 8, 2026 in Tehran, Iran.

Are Iraqi militias and Afghan fighters suppressing protests in Iran? - analysis

It’s possible Iran has used foreign groups to suppress protesters. Because they are foreigners, they have no allegiance to average Iranians and likely don’t mind harming them.

|BySETH J. FRANTZMAN
Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi attends a military parade for the members of Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) marking its eighth anniversary, in Diyala province, Iraq July 23, 2022.

Iranian-backed militias may be weighing disarmament amid Iraq political shift

US Envoy to Iraq, Mark Savaya, posted on X overnight between December 21 and 22 that the steps being taken by “armed groups” in Iraq are “welcome and encouraging.”

|BySETH J. FRANTZMAN

New Iraqi lawmaker ousted after creating fake PMF brigade, violating election laws

Muhannad al-Khazraji, the recently elected member of parliament, had run under the banner of the Badr Organization, which is a large pro-Iranian group in Iraq.

NOVEMBER 26, 2025BySETH J. FRANTZMAN
Muhannad al-Khazraji, the recently elected member of parliament, had run under the banner of the Badr Organization, which is a large pro-Iranian group in Iraq.

State Dept. designates four Iran-backed Iraqi militias as Foreign Terrorist Orgs.

The State Department designated Hakarat al-Nujaba, Kataib Sayyid al-Shuhada, Hakarat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya, and Kataib al-Imam Ali, all part of the Iran-backed Popular Mobilization Forces.

SEPTEMBER 18, 2025ByJAMES GENN
Mourners attend the funeral of Haider al-Moussawi, head of the security unit in the Shi'ite armed group Kataib Sayyid al-Shuhada, and senior Hezbollah figure Abu Ali Khalil, who were killed in an Israeli airstrike on Tehran, amid the Iran-Israel conflict, in Baghdad, Iraq, June 22, 2025.

New drone strike near Erbil adds to growing attacks on Kurdistan region - analysis

A drone crashed near Makhmour in the latest attack on Iraq’s Kurdistan region, as officials blame Iran-aligned groups for a wave of 22 strikes.

JULY 30, 2025BySETH J. FRANTZMAN
Smoke rises after a drone attack targeted oil facilities in the Zakho area of Iraq's Kurdistan region, Iraq July 16, 2025.