The level of distrust and political maneuvering meant that "the government has exhausted its potential," and that it was time for an election, Liberman said.
Sharif, 72, won a parliamentary vote for premier, resuming the role he had held until August when parliament was dissolved ahead of last month's elections.
Police said they were looking into the background of the incident.
Widespread rigging both before and after election day is alleged in what is thought to be an attempt to keep jailed Prime Minister Imran Khan’s party out of power.
Council expected to pick next supreme leader in coming years.
Parliamentary elections in Iran come at a time of crisis for the Islamic regime, following protest movements and economic uncertainty.
At the heart of this regime is Khomeinism ideology, which fundamentally opposes nationalism and seeks to dilute Iran's identity.