Operation Peace for Galilee: Israel's 1982 military action in Lebanon
Remembering a time as a war correspondent in Lebanon while the country returns to daily headlines for attacking Israel.
IDF forces fighting in Operation Peace for Galilee in Lebanon in 1982.(photo credit: Michael Zarfati/IDF)ByDVORA WAYSMANWith Lebanon again in the daily headlines, attacking Israel, I find myself vividly recalling my brief stint there as a war correspondent, accompanied by my editor Dan Leon (World Zionist Press Service) and photographer Douglas Guthrie. We were also given an IDF liaison officer to ride with us.
“Please give me a permit – I must go to Israel to see my son in the hospital.” The woman in the blue dress with the anxious eyes was not addressing me in the crowded public square at Tyre.
She was plucking at the sleeve of the IDF spokesman who was explaining to me the local situation – they’d had water for two weeks, and the electricity was also now turned on… facts and figures that seemed unimportant against the urgency of the woman’s pleas. Wearily, he told her it was not his function and pointed out where to wait – where he had already directed scores of others anxious to move to Israel or to rejoin relatives up north in Beirut. Most of them stood patiently next to a truck piled with blankets that would later be distributed to those who needed them.
Later, I went over to her. “Can you help me get a permit?” she asked, clutching at straws. Amira would have been an attractive woman under different circumstances. She was about forty, well dressed, a gold cross around her neck. But the worry lines around her eyes and mouth were already etched deeply. Like many from southern Lebanon, now that the PLO had been routed, she had returned to her home in Tyre from Beirut, where she had fled with her son. But he’d been caught in the crossfire a week before and taken by helicopter to a hospital in Nahariya. “It is good to come home” she told me. “My house is fine; not even a broken window, and wonderful to know that I am safe from ‘them.’ But I can’t start my life again properly until my son is better and can live with me. I want to visit him.”
Remembering Tyre amid Israel's operations in Lebanon in 1982
Tyre is a picturesque town. We drove there from Naqoura, where the UNIFIL forces have their headquarters – it’s a Western-style shanty town, like something from an old cowboy movie. It has a Silver Coast restaurant, clothing store, a barber shop and “coiffure de dames” for the Swedish nurses at SWEDMEDCO opposite. But Tyre, 20 km. from the border, is different. The shopping center was doing a brisk trade on this Sunday morning, particularly Patisserie Arabe – a giant cake shop with the kind of mouth-watering confections that I’d only seen in Groppi’s coffee house in Cairo. A 10-tier wedding cake dominated the window.An IDF soldier is seen operating in Lebanon in 1982. (credit: IPPA/Jerusalem Post Archives)The proprietor, Mr. Ramlawi, was doing business as usual, despite the war – business better than usual, one of my companions remarked cynically. Whether he was happy that Israel had cleared the PLO out of Tyre or was benefiting from the influx of soldiers and journalists in town, Mr. Ramlawi did seem very cheerful indeed. He even had the word “Open” lettered in Hebrew on his door (in fact, there were many shops with Hebrew signs, some even offering discounts for soldiers). “You are welcome in this country” he informed me, noticing my IDF liaison officer waiting nearby. “When the terrorists were here, they would come in my shop, ten at a time, taking whatever they wanted. Food, money, drinks. It is good that you got them out.”
It is thought that there are still many PLO terrorists in Tyre, but the townspeople regularly inform on them, either to the IDF or to their local bishop. About 90 had been turned in the week before.
Tyre has a romantic location, situated around a tiny bay with a marina. Several fishermen were wading in the water, patiently waiting for a bite. The skyline of minarets, spires, and domes reminded me of Acre.
Just outside Tyre, we visited the archaeological site of a Roman stadium from 13 BCE. The third-largest in the world, it is well preserved. The enormous hippodrome was used for chariot races and gladiatorial combat. Behind the rows of seats were cleverly concealed rooms built by the PLO. It was from this site that rockets were launched at Nahariya. Israel knew this, but did not bomb it in order to preserve the magnificent ruins. We’d looked in the dark bunkers, now filled with the ugly remnants of war – spent shells, tin helmets, terrorist literature. There was a rancid stench of decay.
When we came out again into sunshine, there was an elderly man with a cane and a smart straw hat, who seemed eager to show us around. He spoke a strange kind of English, very old-fashioned. He was neither friendly nor unfriendly. He said his name was Zyklowi. He motioned us to follow him, and I had to trot to keep up with him. All the time, he was giving a kind of monologue about the amphitheater. “See these flat stones – they were altars. Human sacrifice,” he stated.
I would nod and try to interrupt with questions of my own – but about today, not the past. These he would ignore, pretending not to understand. “Here you see three layers of civilization – under this Roman Road, you can see the Greek … and this is Byzantine.”
“I just wanted to ask you –”
“Here is an aqueduct,” he would interrupt me. “It carried water out five miles.”
“The bunkers, Mr. Zyklowi, did you know about them?”
“I am guide,” he said after a pause. “I work here.”
He would say nothing more. He waited expectantly. We gave him a tip.
It was like a holiday scene when we crossed the Litani River. The banana plantations looked splendid in the hot sun. Soldiers in bathing suits did their laundry in the river, with towels and underwear strung up to dry. Every building seemed to be flying a flag. Over some, fluttered the Lebanese flag – two red stripes, and a white central stripe with a stylized cedar tree in the center. A few houses had the Phalange flag, but most – to be safe – flew a large white flag of surrender. I thought that if I’d been living through an eight-year war, I’d fly a white flag too.
On the road to Sidon, the scenery continued to be beautiful… sparkling sea striped in bands from light aqua to deep indigo; and the green of figs, grapevines, and lemon orchards. When we reached Sidon, there was a demonstration by women – they were screaming, and some were crying. I was told they were the partners of male Palestinian prisoners. A soldier fired twice in the air, shockingly close to us, and they dispersed. Sidon reminded me of Haifa.
There was bomb damage, but not a lot. I had expected it to be worse. What had once been an elegant villa had the roof damaged – it sat at a drunken angle, ludicrous atop the white façade and fluted columns in front. Through the open door, I glimpsed high ceilings, crystal chandeliers, velvet drapes, and a parquet floor. A young man came out. “You can’t go up,” he told our photographer, who had asked permission to shoot scenes from the top floor. “It’s locked. I don’t have a key,” the man repeated several times. I asked him if he was glad that Israel had come to his country. His facial expression became guarded. “You do good job” he finally acknowledged. “PLO bad people – get them out. Then you must go too. PLO, Syrians, Israelis – you must all go home.”
In the center of town, a woman was directing a group of children sweeping the street in front of a slightly damaged building. She was blonde and looked American. I went to talk to her, but she shook her head – she only spoke Arabic. Suddenly I was surrounded by children, all wanting to be photographed with me. They laughed and chattered like happy kids anywhere.
Just before Beirut where we were turned back, the sounds of battle were frighteningly loud, and 155mm. cannons were firing over our heads. We headed for the mountains. En route, we stopped for refreshments at a diner on the beach front with the unlikely name Sands Rock Beach. Hard to believe that the war was just a few kilometers away. People sat on the terrace eating grilled chicken and chips; sipping cans of 7-UP. Pretty girls in bikinis showed off their suntans, and the beach was crowded with Sunday pleasure-seekers.
We tried to find a word to describe the Lebanese people who were swimming, eating, and enjoying themselves, seemingly indifferent to battle sounds from Beirut. We began with “placid,” moved on to “calloused,” “impervious,” “resigned,” and “uncommitted.” None of them seemed to convey the right shade of meaning. Maybe “fatalistic”?
One of our last stops was at Jazzinem, a beautiful village high in the mountains. Unbelievable, considering where we were... a peaceful Sunday afternoon promenade. No signs of the war at all – no bomb damage, nothing to convey that you weren’t holidaying in the Swiss Alps. Girls walked in pairs, fingers linked, in high-heeled sandals. jewelry, and makeup. One pretty girl wore a T-shirt that proclaimed in silver and pink: “Sweet things remind me of you.” What brought us back to reality was when the four of us – my three male companions and I – went into a coffee house, where men were playing backgammon and cards. The sudden cessation of activity and uncomfortable glances as we sat down at a table made us realize our faux pas. A man at the next table, smoking a nargila water pipe, talked to my companions, ignoring me. It seemed the coffee house was for men. The women were home with the children or talking to their friends. The waiter served us with averted face.
Darkness was falling when we were on the road to Nabatiye – a terrible road fit only for donkeys. The sun sat low in the sky, an orange disc with drifts of blue cloud floating across it. The light became pink, blue, and finally black. We drove quickly, trying to reach the border before the curfew. We didn’t make it and were stopped angrily at checkpoints, where soldiers of different allegiances shouted at us.
Eventually we crossed the Israeli border and began the long drive back to Jerusalem through the silent night, where the only sounds I heard were the voices from Lebanon, repeating their words in my ears like the rerun of an old movie. ■
The writer is the author of 14 books. She can be contacted at: dwaysman@gmail.com
