Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is located partially in the continent of Asia and partially in Europe. It shares borders with Greece and Bulgaria to the Northwest, Iran to the east and Iraq to the southeast. It also shares various borders with Syria, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia.

70%-75% of Turkey's population are Turks, and 19% are Kurds, making them the country's largest minority group. The country's capital is Ankara, and the largest city and financial city is Istanbul.

As of November 2021, the President of Turkey is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who has served in this position since 2014. Prior to that, he served as Prime Minister of the country from 2003-2014.

Since the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011, an estimated 3.6 million Syrian refugees have taken up residence in Turkey, most of them living with temporary residence permits.

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Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan reacts during a press conference at a NATO summit in The Hague, Netherlands June 25, 2025.

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In a statement, the Turkish presidency said the leader had discussed the latest developments in Iran, after the worst domestic unrest since the 1979 Islamic Revolution.

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Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu at a 40 signatures debate, at the plenum hall of the Knesset, the Israeli parliament in Jerusalem, on January 19, 2026.

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HTRS-100 air traffic control radar system, produced by the Turkish defense company ASELSAN.

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Armed Kurdish groups sought to cross into Iran from Iraq, sources say

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Fighters from the Kurdistan Free Life Party (PJAK), an Iranian Kurdish opposition group, are pictured near the border with Iran in Iraq's Kurdistan Region, in the outskirts of Sulaimaniya, Iraq, June 21, 2025.

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Qatar Emiri Air Force personnel load aid onto a military cargo plane headed to Syria, at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, December 30, 2024.

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People stand at the Kapikoy Border Gate, between Turkey and Iran, in Van province, Turkey, January 14, 2026.

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Ankara has created, sustained, and directed a well-established network of Islamist proxies.

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Members of the Kurdish forces hold a portrait of Turkish Defense Minister Yasar Guler which reads "Shame on the killers of innocents in the Sheikh Maqsud neighborhood" during a protest in the Kurdish-controlled northeastern city of Qamishli on January 13, 2026.

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L to R: Iran Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and US President Donald Trump against backdrop of respective flags and missile strikes.

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Turkish FM accuses Mossad of stoking Iran protests, says Netanyahu aims for regional conflict

“The Mossad is not hiding this,” the FM said, referring to involvement in protests. “They are calling on the Iranian people to rise up against the regime through their internet and Twitter accounts.

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Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan speaks during an interview with Reuters at the 23rd edition of the annual Doha Forum, in Doha, Qatar, December 6, 2025

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Iranians attend a protest in the city of Rasht, northern Iran, January 8, 2025

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Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (L) and Pakistani Defense Minister Khawaja Muhammad Asif over the Israeli and Pakistani flags.

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