Pain

The research found a solution to an enduring challenge in both veterinary and human medicine: how to identify pain and distress in individuals who cannot communicate what they are experiencing. 

A study has found that difficult experiences in the first years of life may alter the communication between the brain and the gut and raise the risk of abdominal problems even many years later.

Most back pain passes within days or weeks, but data show it is one of the most common conditions. When is it just a muscle strain and when might the pain be a sign of something else?