Neanderthals

Neanderthal tooth from Siberian cave shows signs of earliest-known invasive dental surgery - study

The molar showed that the Neanderthal who underwent the dental procedure was an adult, though the researchers do not know the individual's gender.

Views from five different angles of a molar of an adult Neanderthal individual, discovered at Chagyrskaya Cave in the Siberia region of Russia and dating to about 59,000 years ago, seen in this undated image released on May 13, 2026.
 Neanderthal life. Illustration.

Extremely painful: Evidence suggests Neanderthals performed root canals 59,000 years ago

 Neanderthal communities in prehistoric Europe. How were they linked? (Illustrative)

Central-Eastern Europe's oldest Neanderthal group identified by DNA taken from teeth - study

 World's oldest Neanderthal fingerprint found on 43,000-year-old pebble in Spain. Illustration.

Remains from Israel’s North show Neanderthal children grew faster than modern humans - study


Prehistoric chefs experimented with flavors and new recipes, archaeologists say

Scientists now have the proof they need to definitively say that ancient humans and neanderthals may have shared recipes among their own.

Slightly larger brains than modern humans, and stronger, but extinct. An illustration of the Neanderthal man.

UK Boxgrove fossils highlight complexities of human evolution in new study

A comparison between the UK's Boxgrove fossils and the Sima de Los Huesos in Spain has led to new understandings of the links between some of Europe's earliest humans.

 Four human species are represented here (H. erectus, H. heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensis, H. sapiens).

Ancient DNA gives rare insight into how Neanderthal families lived

The findings of this peer-reviewed study shed light on the social organization and structure of Neanderthal communities and families, how they lived and who moved around.

 Neanderthal communities in prehistoric Europe. How were they linked? (Illustrative)

Neanderthals, early humans overlapped in Europe for thousands of years - study

A new study claims there was co-existence between two species of man over a duration of at least 1,400 to 2,900 years.

Slightly larger brains than modern humans, and stronger, but extinct. An illustration of the Neanderthal man.

Ancient DNA from China suggests Native Americans’ Asian roots

The research behind this discovery started over three decades ago, when a group of Chinese archaeologists discovered a large set of bones in southern China’s Yunnan Province.

A DNA double helix is seen in an undated artist's illustration released by the National Human Genome Research Institute to Reuters on May 15, 2012.

The Neanderthal lifestyle: archeological insights from Valencia

The Los Aljezares open-air site is "rich in lithic, faunal and archaeobotanical materials, and well-dated in time."

The lower limbs of a Neanderthal analyzed

Analysis of 5,000-year-old DNA could help solve mystery of genetic changes in Europe

Two tall skeletons were discovered in Serbia, and their extracted DNA might help to shed light on the mystery of genetic changes that took place in Europe five thousand years ago.

 Excavations at the barrow burial mounds in Šajkaška, Serbia

Neanderthal genetic variant raises risk for COVID-19, protects from HIV - study

"Bad news if a person contracts COVID-19, good news because it offers protection against getting infected with HIV."

 HIV-infected T-cell.

New evidence shows history of human species more complex than thought

The most ancient human species includes fossils that date to the time at which our lineage separated from the lineages leading to chimpanzees and bonobos.

Slightly larger brains than modern humans, and stronger, but extinct. An illustration of the Neanderthal man.

French cave reveals evidence of first modern humans in Europe

Sandwiched between archaeological layers of Neanderthal remains early human child’s tooth confirms both early hominins lived there at the same time.

 An artifact from the Mandrin cave in France.