Neanderthals

Neanderthal tooth from Siberian cave shows signs of earliest-known invasive dental surgery - study

The molar showed that the Neanderthal who underwent the dental procedure was an adult, though the researchers do not know the individual's gender.

Views from five different angles of a molar of an adult Neanderthal individual, discovered at Chagyrskaya Cave in the Siberia region of Russia and dating to about 59,000 years ago, seen in this undated image released on May 13, 2026.
 Neanderthal life. Illustration.

Extremely painful: Evidence suggests Neanderthals performed root canals 59,000 years ago

 Neanderthal communities in prehistoric Europe. How were they linked? (Illustrative)

Central-Eastern Europe's oldest Neanderthal group identified by DNA taken from teeth - study

 World's oldest Neanderthal fingerprint found on 43,000-year-old pebble in Spain. Illustration.

Remains from Israel’s North show Neanderthal children grew faster than modern humans - study


Oldest known prehistoric footprints found in Crete

The six-million-year-old footprints may challenge beliefs about the evolution of humanity.

Crete

40,000-year-old sealed cavern in Gibraltar gives new insight into Neanderthal life

Vanguard Cave is one of four caves that make up the famous Rock of Gibraltar and a nine-year-excavation project led researchers to a sealed chamber with evidence of long-gone Neanderthal life inside.

 The Rock of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar is seen from the Spanish side of the border near La Linea de la Concepcion

Prehistoric cave paintings in Spain show Neanderthals were artists

Wall paintings made by prehistoric modern humans, such as those found in the Chauvet-Pont d’Arc cave of France, are more than 30,000 years old.

Study finds red ocher markings were painted by Neanderthals in prehistoric cave in Ardales

German researchers uncover Neanderthal hunting tool in rare find

This is the first time a leaf point has been found in a modern excavation, as the last was uncovered in 1936.

Hohle Fels: Leaf point

Israel is a crossroads for human evolution

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AFFAIRS: Archaeologists find that the Holy Land’s 1.5 million-year-long human presence still has secrets to reveal.

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY Prof. Israel Hershkovitz holds what scientists say are two pieces of fossilized bone of a previously unknown kind of early human discovered at the Nesher Ramla site.

How a bone puzzle helped identify new type of prehistoric human in Israel

Some 17 fragments of a mandible, a tooth and a piece of skull were the key to allow researchers to find out about the ‘Nesher Ramla Homo.’

Hila May, a physical anthropologist at the Dan David Center and the Shmunis Institute of Tel Aviv University holds what scientists say is a piece of fossilised bone of a previously unknown kind of early human discovered at the Nesher Ramla site in central Israel, during an interview with Reuters at

China's 'Dragon Man' may be an undiscovered ancient relative of humans

The discovery of a new hominid species itself is incredible enough, but the story of Homo longi is especially unique due to the circumstances of its discovery.

A portrait of a female Denisovan teenager.

New prehistoric human unknown to science discovered in Israel

Hebrew U and Tel Aviv University researchers found remains of a new type of ‘Homo’ who lived in the region some 130,000 years ago.

Skull found at the site among other items at Nesher Ramla.

Humans, neanderthals coexisted in the Negev desert 50,000 years ago

The study also found that Boker Tachtit is the earliest known migration point from Africa for early Homo Sapiens (humans) from the Levant region.

(L-R) View of the Boker Tachtit excavation site. Circled: a group of unearthed flint stone artifacts; Flint point representative of the Upper Paleolithic in Boker Tachtit.

Caves in Rome contain remains of Neanderthals less than 70,000-years-old

Eight of the remains are dated to between 50,000 and 68,000 years ago, while one, the oldest, is dated to between 90,000 and 100,000 years ago, the ministry said in a statement.

Fossilised remains, supposed to belong to Neanderthal men, are seen at a prehistoric site in Guattari cave in San Felice Circeo, Italy, 2021.