Ancient history

A short history of games of chance in the Middle East

From ancient dice and royal game boards to modern digital platforms, the Middle East's long relationship with games of chance reveals a timeless fascination with luck, fate and uncertainty.

“From ancient dice to modern apps, the Middle East's fascination with games of chance has endured for over four thousand years.”
People look at the newly acquired Tomb of Francois, a 4th-century BC masterpiece bought last month by Italy's Culture Ministry for 15 million euros, at the National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia in Rome, Italy, June 30, 2026.

Frescos from famed Etruscan tomb go on display in Rome after multi-million euro purchase by Italy

"A historical overview of gambling in the Middle East, from ancient civilizations to modern regulation."

A historical overview of gambling in the Middle East

Mosaic showing Alexander the Great on a horse, June 25, 2026.

Turkey places site of Alexander the Great’s first battle with Persians under historic protection


Residue from Roman vial reveals first evidence of ancient physicians' use of fecal medicine - study

The vial, also known as an unguentarium, is commonly believed to have held perfumes or cosmetic oils.

Unguentarium, 4th-5th century AD. Creator: Unknown.February 8, 2026.

Elephant bone found at Spanish archaeological site may have marched on Rome with Hannibal - study

The finding represents the first elephant skeletal remains found to possibly confirm Hannibal’s historical march from Carthage to Italy during the Second Punic War.

 A member of staff of the Natural History Museum in Berne, Switzerland, checks the skeleton of an elephant on show at the museum's Skeleton Hall, September 16, 2005.

Canine remains discovered in Bulgaria show dog meat may have been Iron Age delicacy - study

The Greeks, as well as the Thracians, who lived in what is now modern-day Bulgaria, are believed by researchers to have consumed dog meat. 

Dog skull found during an archaeological excavation.

Did giants exist? Ancient Egyptian papyrus points to proof of gargantuan Canaanite tribe, org says

The papyrus, known as Anastasi I, or “The Satirical Letter,” is believed by most to take the form of a somewhat mocking letter written between two army scribes.

Papyrus Anastasi I; sheet 1; Hieratic literary text: "The Satirical Letter," February 4, 2026.

Ancient tomb linked to King Midas’ family sheds new light on ancient kingdom

Discovered in 2010 and excavated since 2013, the tomb dates back to the ancient kingdom of Phrygia (1200 to 675 BCE), but is located more than 100 miles west of Gordion, the kingdom’s capital.

A damaged tomb is pictured in the abandoned Turkish Cypriot cemetary in the village of Kofinou, in the south of the divided Mediterranean island of Cyprus, on July 10, 2024.

'Grandpa, look what we found': Huckabee family uncovers ancient coins in West Bank caves

US Ambassador Mike Huckabee and his family uncovered ancient coins and jar fragments dating to the Bar-Kochba Revolt during a tour near Na’ale in the Mateh Binyamin region.

US ambassador Mike Huckabee's family after finding coins in a Mateh Binyamin Regional Council cave, January 5, 2026.

Archaeologists find Switzerland’s oldest gold coins dating back 2,200 years

Two rare Celtic gold coins dating to the 3rd Century BCE were uncovered near Arisdorf, marking the oldest gold coins ever found in Switzerland, shedding light on ancient trade and ritual practices.

Ancient Celtic gold coins found in Switzerland.

New frescoes unearthed in villa near Pompeii show 'extraordinary details and colors'

Archaeologists found a nearly complete peahen fresco, missing its head, dating to the mid-first century B.C., that may have belonged to Poppaea Sabina, the second wife of Emperor Nero.

A fresco of a peacock unearthed at the Villa Poppaea in Oplontis, on the outskirts of the ancient Roman city of Pompeii, in Torre Annunziata, Italy, in this handout released December 18, 2025.

Map reveals dozens of ancient quarries hidden beneath modern Jerusalem

Researchers chart 39 quarry sites from 117 excavations, shedding light on how “Jerusalem stone” built the city.

An archeologist from the Israeli Antiquity Authority at the site of a 2nd Temple Subterranean System Discovered at the Western Wall tunnels underneath Jerusalem's Old City

Israeli team uncovers 12,000-year-old myths in clay figurine of woman and goose

Excavated by Hebrew University researchers at Natufian settlement Nahal Ein Gev II, the 3.7 centimeter clay sculpture retains ochre traces and the fingerprint of its presumed young female maker.

Goose embracing woman, oldest human-animal depiction found in Israel.